材质material

新建材质 material 在属性中切换颜色

找到要换颜色的 控件 修改其材质为指定材质

// 方法1：创建使用 Standard Shader 的 Material
Material myMaterial = new Material(Shader.Find("Standard"));

// 方法2：从现有 Material 克隆
Material clonedMaterial = new Material(existingMaterial);

// 方法3：使用特定 Shader
Material uiMaterial = new Material(Shader.Find("UI/Default"));
Material spriteMaterial = new Material(Shader.Find("Sprites/Default"));

// 方法4：创建无光照 Material
Material unlitMaterial = new Material(Shader.Find("Unlit/Color"));
unlitMaterial.color = Color.red;



Material m1 = Resources.Load("blue") as Material;

Renderer r1 = cube.GetComponent<Renderer>();
r1.sharedMaterial = m1;

1. 应用到单个物体

csharp

public class MaterialApplicator : MonoBehaviour
{
    public Material targetMaterial;
    
    void Start()
    {
        // 方法1：通过 Renderer 组件
        Renderer renderer = GetComponent<Renderer>();
        if (renderer != null)
        {
            renderer.material = targetMaterial;      // 创建实例
            // 或使用 sharedMaterial 共享材质（所有使用该材质的物体都会受影响）
            // renderer.sharedMaterial = targetMaterial;
        }
        
        // 方法2：应用到子物体
        Renderer[] childRenderers = GetComponentsInChildren<Renderer>();
        foreach (Renderer childRenderer in childRenderers)
        {
            childRenderer.material = targetMaterial;
        }
    }
}

2. 应用到多个材质槽

csharp

void ApplyMultipleMaterials()
{
    Renderer renderer = GetComponent<Renderer>();
    
    // 设置多个材质（用于多材质渲染）
    Material[] materials = new Material[2];
    materials[0] = primaryMaterial;
    materials[1] = secondaryMaterial;
    
    renderer.materials = materials;  // 注意：会创建新实例
    // 或使用 sharedMaterials 共享
    // renderer.sharedMaterials = materials;
}

四、Material 属性设置

1. 常用属性设置方法

csharp

public class MaterialPropertySetter : MonoBehaviour
{
    public Material material;
    
    void Start()
    {
        // 1. 设置颜色
        material.color = Color.red;  // 设置主颜色
        material.SetColor("_Color", Color.blue);  // 通过属性名设置
        material.SetColor("_EmissionColor", Color.green * 0.5f);  // 自发光颜色
        
        // 2. 设置纹理
        public Texture2D diffuseTexture;
        public Texture2D normalTexture;
        
        material.mainTexture = diffuseTexture;  // 主纹理
        material.SetTexture("_MainTex", diffuseTexture);  // 同上
        material.SetTexture("_BumpMap", normalTexture);   // 法线贴图
        
        // 3. 设置浮点值
        material.SetFloat("_Metallic", 0.5f);     // 金属度
        material.SetFloat("_Glossiness", 0.8f);   // 光滑度
        material.SetFloat("_Cutoff", 0.5f);       // 透明裁切
        
        // 4. 设置向量/颜色
        material.SetVector("_SomeVector", new Vector4(1, 0, 0, 1));
        
        // 5. 启用/禁用关键字（Shader变体）
        material.EnableKeyword("_EMISSION");
        material.DisableKeyword("_SPECULARHIGHLIGHTS_OFF");
    }
}

2. Standard Shader 完整示例

csharp

public class StandardMaterialSetup : MonoBehaviour
{
    public Material standardMaterial;
    
    void SetupStandardMaterial()
    {
        // Albedo (漫反射)
        standardMaterial.SetColor("_Color", new Color(0.8f, 0.8f, 0.8f, 1f));
        
        // Metallic/Smoothness (金属/光滑)
        standardMaterial.SetFloat("_Metallic", 0.5f);
        standardMaterial.SetFloat("_Glossiness", 0.8f);
        
        // Normal Map (法线贴图)
        if (normalMap != null)
        {
            standardMaterial.SetTexture("_BumpMap", normalMap);
            standardMaterial.SetFloat("_BumpScale", 1.0f);
        }
        
        // Height Map (高度图/视差)
        if (heightMap != null)
        {
            standardMaterial.SetTexture("_ParallaxMap", heightMap);
            standardMaterial.SetFloat("_Parallax", 0.02f);
        }
        
        // Occlusion (环境遮蔽)
        if (occlusionMap != null)
        {
            standardMaterial.SetTexture("_OcclusionMap", occlusionMap);
            standardMaterial.SetFloat("_OcclusionStrength", 1.0f);
        }
        
        // Emission (自发光)
        standardMaterial.SetColor("_EmissionColor", Color.black);
        standardMaterial.EnableKeyword("_EMISSION");
        
        // Detail Mask/Albedo (细节遮罩/漫反射)
        if (detailAlbedoMap != null)
        {
            standardMaterial.SetTexture("_DetailAlbedoMap", detailAlbedoMap);
            standardMaterial.SetTexture("_DetailMask", detailMask);
        }
        
        // UV 设置
        standardMaterial.SetTextureScale("_MainTex", new Vector2(2, 2));  // 平铺
        standardMaterial.SetTextureOffset("_MainTex", new Vector2(0.5f, 0.5f));  // 偏移
    }
}

五、动态修改 Material 属性

1. 运行时动态修改

csharp

public class DynamicMaterialController : MonoBehaviour
{
    private Material materialInstance;
    private Renderer objectRenderer;
    
    void Start()
    {
        objectRenderer = GetComponent<Renderer>();
        materialInstance = objectRenderer.material;  // 获取实例副本
        
        // 初始设置
        materialInstance.color = Color.white;
    }
    
    void Update()
    {
        // 1. 随时间变化颜色
        Color pulseColor = Color.Lerp(Color.red, Color.blue, 
            Mathf.PingPong(Time.time, 1f));
        materialInstance.color = pulseColor;
        
        // 2. 随时间变化透明度
        float alpha = 0.5f + 0.5f * Mathf.Sin(Time.time);
        Color currentColor = materialInstance.color;
        materialInstance.color = new Color(currentColor.r, currentColor.g, 
            currentColor.b, alpha);
        
        // 3. 纹理滚动效果
        float scrollSpeed = 0.5f;
        Vector2 offset = materialInstance.mainTextureOffset;
        offset.x = Time.time * scrollSpeed;
        offset.y = Time.time * scrollSpeed * 0.5f;
        materialInstance.mainTextureOffset = offset;
        
        // 4. 纹理缩放动画
        float scale = 1f + 0.5f * Mathf.Sin(Time.time);
        materialInstance.mainTextureScale = new Vector2(scale, scale);
    }
}

2. 交互式 Material 控制

csharp

public class InteractiveMaterial : MonoBehaviour
{
    private Material mat;
    
    void Start()
    {
        mat = GetComponent<Renderer>().material;
    }
    
    void OnMouseEnter()
    {
        // 鼠标悬停时高亮
        mat.EnableKeyword("_EMISSION");
        mat.SetColor("_EmissionColor", Color.yellow * 0.5f);
    }
    
    void OnMouseExit()
    {
        // 鼠标离开时恢复
        mat.DisableKeyword("_EMISSION");
    }
    
    void OnMouseDown()
    {
        // 点击时改变材质
        mat.color = Random.ColorHSV();
    }
}

六、Material 与 Shader 交互

1. 访问和修改 Shader 属性

csharp

public class ShaderPropertyAccess : MonoBehaviour
{
    private Material material;
    
    void Start()
    {
        material = GetComponent<Renderer>().material;
        
        // 获取所有属性
        int propertyCount = material.shader.GetPropertyCount();
        for (int i = 0; i < propertyCount; i++)
        {
            string propertyName = material.shader.GetPropertyName(i);
            Debug.Log($"属性 {i}: {propertyName}");
        }
        
        // 检查属性是否存在
        bool hasProperty = material.HasProperty("_Color");
        
        // 获取属性类型
        if (material.HasProperty("_Color"))
        {
            ShaderPropertyType type = material.shader.GetPropertyType(
                material.shader.FindPropertyIndex("_Color"));
            Debug.Log($"Color 属性类型: {type}");
        }
    }
}

2. 自定义 Shader 属性设置

csharp

public class CustomShaderProperties : MonoBehaviour
{
    public Material customMaterial;
    
    void Update()
    {
        // 设置自定义属性（需要在Shader中定义）
        float timeValue = Mathf.Sin(Time.time);
        
        // 浮点数
        customMaterial.SetFloat("_CustomFloat", timeValue);
        
        // 颜色
        customMaterial.SetColor("_CustomColor", 
            new Color(timeValue, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1f));
        
        // 向量
        customMaterial.SetVector("_CustomVector", 
            new Vector4(timeValue, timeValue * 0.5f, 0, 1));
        
        // 矩阵（较少使用）
        Matrix4x4 matrix = Matrix4x4.identity;
        customMaterial.SetMatrix("_CustomMatrix", matrix);
    }
}

七、性能优化技巧

1. Material Property Blocks

csharp

public class MaterialPropertyBlockExample : MonoBehaviour
{
    private Renderer renderer;
    private MaterialPropertyBlock propertyBlock;
    
    void Start()
    {
        renderer = GetComponent<Renderer>();
        propertyBlock = new MaterialPropertyBlock();
        
        // 获取当前属性
        renderer.GetPropertyBlock(propertyBlock);
        
        // 设置属性（不会创建Material实例）
        propertyBlock.SetColor("_Color", Color.red);
        propertyBlock.SetFloat("_Glossiness", 0.8f);
        
        // 应用属性
        renderer.SetPropertyBlock(propertyBlock);
        
        // 批量设置多个物体
        Renderer[] allRenderers = FindObjectsOfType<Renderer>();
        foreach (Renderer r in allRenderers)
        {
            r.SetPropertyBlock(propertyBlock);
        }
    }
    
    void Update()
    {
        // 动态更新属性（高效）
        renderer.GetPropertyBlock(propertyBlock);
        float pulse = Mathf.PingPong(Time.time, 1f);
        propertyBlock.SetColor("_Color", Color.Lerp(Color.red, Color.blue, pulse));
        renderer.SetPropertyBlock(propertyBlock);
    }
}

2. Material 实例化 vs 共享

csharp

public class MaterialInstanceManagement : MonoBehaviour
{
    void ManageMaterials()
    {
        Renderer renderer = GetComponent<Renderer>();
        
        // ❌ 不要这样做（每帧创建新实例）
        // renderer.material.color = Color.red;
        
        // ✅ 正确做法：缓存material实例
        Material mat = renderer.material;  // 获取实例
        mat.color = Color.red;             // 修改实例
        
        // ✅ 如果需要修改多个物体且效果相同，使用sharedMaterial
        // renderer.sharedMaterial.color = Color.red;
        
        // ✅ 使用MaterialPropertyBlock（最佳性能）
        MaterialPropertyBlock block = new MaterialPropertyBlock();
        renderer.GetPropertyBlock(block);
        block.SetColor("_Color", Color.red);
        renderer.SetPropertyBlock(block);
    }
}

八、特殊 Material 类型

1. UI Material

csharp

public class UIMaterialController : MonoBehaviour
{
    public Image uiImage;
    
    void SetupUIMaterial()
    {
        // UI Material 特殊属性
        Material uiMaterial = uiImage.material;
        
        // 设置遮罩
        uiMaterial.EnableKeyword("UNITY_UI_CLIP_RECT");
        
        // 设置软边
        uiMaterial.SetFloat("_Softness", 0.5f);
        
        // 设置颜色叠加
        uiMaterial.SetColor("_Color", new Color(1, 1, 1, 0.8f));
    }
}

2. 粒子系统 Material

csharp

public class ParticleMaterialController : MonoBehaviour
{
    public ParticleSystem particleSystem;
    
    void SetupParticleMaterial()
    {
        var renderer = particleSystem.GetComponent<ParticleSystemRenderer>();
        Material particleMat = renderer.material;
        
        // 粒子系统特殊设置
        particleMat.SetTexture("_MainTex", particleTexture);
        particleMat.SetInt("_BlendOp", (int)UnityEngine.Rendering.BlendOp.Add);
        
        // 设置渲染模式
        renderer.renderMode = ParticleSystemRenderMode.Stretch;
        
        // 设置材质球
        renderer.material = particleMat;
    }
}

3. 地形 Material

csharp

public class TerrainMaterialController : MonoBehaviour
{
    public Terrain terrain;
    
    void SetupTerrainMaterial()
    {
        // 获取地形材质
        Material terrainMaterial = terrain.materialTemplate;
        
        // 设置地形纹理
        if (terrainMaterial != null)
        {
            // Standard Terrain Shader 属性
            terrainMaterial.SetTexture("_MainTex", terrainTexture);
            terrainMaterial.SetTexture("_MetallicGlossMap", metallicMap);
            
            // 控制贴图混合
            terrainMaterial.SetFloat("_Metallic", 0.2f);
            terrainMaterial.SetFloat("_Glossiness", 0.3f);
        }
    }
}

九、Material 资源管理

1. 加载和卸载 Material

csharp

public class MaterialResourceManager : MonoBehaviour
{
    // 从 Resources 加载
    Material LoadMaterialFromResources(string path)
    {
        return Resources.Load<Material>(path);
    }
    
    // 从 AssetBundle 加载
    IEnumerator LoadMaterialFromAssetBundle(string bundlePath, string materialName)
    {
        AssetBundle bundle = AssetBundle.LoadFromFile(bundlePath);
        AssetBundleRequest request = bundle.LoadAssetAsync<Material>(materialName);
        yield return request;
        
        Material loadedMaterial = request.asset as Material;
        
        // 使用后卸载
        bundle.Unload(false);
    }
    
    // 动态创建并管理
    void CreateAndManageMaterials()
    {
        List<Material> createdMaterials = new List<Material>();
        
        // 创建多个材质
        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
        {
            Material mat = new Material(Shader.Find("Standard"));
            mat.color = Color.HSVToRGB(i / 10f, 1, 1);
            createdMaterials.Add(mat);
        }
        
        // 使用...
        
        // 清理
        foreach (Material mat in createdMaterials)
        {
            Destroy(mat);
        }
        createdMaterials.Clear();
        
        // 强制垃圾回收（谨慎使用）
        Resources.UnloadUnusedAssets();
    }
}